Trisubstituted Pyrimidines as Efficacious and Fast-Acting Antimalarials

J Med Chem. 2016 Jul 14;59(13):6101-20. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00028. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Abstract

In this paper we describe the optimization of a phenotypic hit against Plasmodium falciparum, based on a trisubstituted pyrimidine scaffold. This led to compounds with good pharmacokinetics and oral activity in a P. berghei mouse model of malaria. The most promising compound (13) showed a reduction in parasitemia of 96% when dosed at 30 mg/kg orally once a day for 4 days in the P. berghei mouse model of malaria. It also demonstrated a rapid rate of clearance of the erythrocytic stage of P. falciparum in the SCID mouse model with an ED90 of 11.7 mg/kg when dosed orally. Unfortunately, the compound is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes, probably due to a 4-pyridyl substituent. Nevertheless, this is a lead molecule with a potentially useful antimalarial profile, which could either be further optimized or be used for target hunting.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antimalarials / chemistry*
  • Antimalarials / pharmacokinetics
  • Antimalarials / pharmacology
  • Antimalarials / therapeutic use*
  • Humans
  • Malaria / drug therapy*
  • Malaria / parasitology
  • Malaria, Falciparum / drug therapy
  • Malaria, Falciparum / parasitology
  • Mice, SCID
  • Parasitemia / drug therapy
  • Parasitemia / parasitology
  • Plasmodium berghei / drug effects*
  • Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects*
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry*
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacokinetics
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology
  • Pyrimidines / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Antimalarials
  • Pyrimidines